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History and Analysis of Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (Mrap) Procurement to Fight the Ied Threat in the Iraq War, Applicability of the Law of Requisite Variety in Major Military System Acquisition

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History and Analysis of Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (Mrap) Procurement to Fight the Ied Threat in the Iraq War, Applicability of the Law of Requisite Variety in Major Military System Acquisition

Penned By U.S. Military
4.85 32,692 Ratings
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Editor's Note:
In 2005, the U.S. military found itself inadequately prepared with doctrine and materiel to wage counterinsurgency operations in Iraq. As the insurgency adapted to American tactics, the high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) became a target of the insurgency because of its lack of armor, which led to significant casualties caused by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The U.S. response to the IED threat to HMMWVs was to procure the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle, a costly endeavor. The MRAP increased Soldier and Marine survival rates during IED attacks, but other aspects of the vehicle contradicted counterinsurgency strategy. Because of its survivability, leaders expected tactical commanders to use the MRAP, which reduced tactical commanders' variety of options to engage the enemy. This research explores the value of variety in major military systems by applying concepts from the Law of Requisite Variety and uses the MRAP as an example of a materiel solution throughout. Increasing system variety conflicts with current acquisition practices, which prefer commonality. This research finds that warfighter capabilities increase with variety, but variety is contra to achieving commonality and cost savings. To achieve a balance between commonality and variety, the authors suggest organizational and system hardware alternatives. I. INTRODUCTION * A. SUMMARY OF CIRCUMSTANCES IN IRAQ FOLLOWING MAJOR COMBAT ACTIONS * B. RELEVANT HISTORY OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE USE IN IRAQ * C. AN ENEMY FORESEEN * D. RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCH * II. COUNTERINSURGENCY WARFARE * A. WHAT IS AN INSURGENCY? * 1. A Long Conflict * 2. Against a Government * 3. Normally Fought by Unequal Enemies * 4. Without Restriction * 5. To Achieve Political Objectives * B. WHAT IS A COUNTERINSURGENCY? * 1. Legitimizing the Incumbent Government * 2. Through Unified and Committed Response * 3. Against an Insurgency * 4. Using the Full Spectrum of Military Power * C. MATERIEL CONSIDERATIONS FOR COUNTERINSURGENCY * D. SUMMARY * III. DOD' S ACQUISITION FRAMEWORK VS. THE MRAP * A. HOW DOES THE DOD GENERATE REQUIREMENTS? * 1. The Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System * 2. Defense Acquisition System * 3. Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) * B. WHY THE MINE RESISTANT AMBUSH PROTECTED VEHICLE? * 1. The Unforeseen: Why Was the DOD Slow to Procure the MRAP? * 2. Why Did the DOD Finally Procure the MRAP? * C. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE INVOLVEMENT * 1. Uniqueness of the Purchase * 2. Speed of MRAP Testing, Fielding, and Deployment * D. SUMMARY * IV. THE LAW OF REQUISITE VARIETY * A. THE FIELD OF CYBERNETICS * B. QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF THE LAW OF REQUISITE VARIETY * 1. Common Applications of Law of Requisite Variety * 2. Incremental Application of Law of Requisite Variety * 3. The Importance of Variety in LORV * 4. Clarifications for Military Applications of LORV * C. OPPORTUNITIES FOR VARIETY IN THE CURRENT ACQUISITION SYSTEM * D. SUMMARY OF LAW OF REQUISITE VARIETY * V. INTERSECTION OF COMPETING PRIORITIES * A. WHY IS THE INTERSECTION CRITICAL? * B. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIETY IN COMBAT * C. COSTS AND BENEFITS OF COMMONALITY * D. COSTS AND BENEFITS OF VARIETY * E. ORGANIZATIONAL CHALLENGES * F. THE DEMAND FOR VARIETY IN THE ACQUISITION SYSTEM * G. RECOMMENDATIONS * 1. Create a Variety Advocate Function * 2. Increase Focus on Subsystem Commonality * H. CHAPTER SUMMARY * VI. CONCLUSION * A. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS * B. AREAS FOR CONTINUED RESEARCH

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Length 106 Pages
Imprint Independently Published
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Identifier (ISBN) 48943241
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Elizabeth Lopez
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Patricia Wright October 30, 2025
"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
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Gary Phillips May 17, 2025
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"I was completely blown away. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
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"Masterpiece from start to finish. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. Worth every moment spent reading."
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Linda Harris February 26, 2025
"A highly sophisticated read. It held my rapt attention, even when certain twists were telegraphed. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers."
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Edward Smith September 30, 2024
"A profoundly satisfying read. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. A true literary gem."
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Mary Parker August 29, 2024
"I was completely blown away. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
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Melissa Gonzalez April 03, 2024
"Masterpiece from start to finish. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. Worth every moment spent reading."
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Jennifer Gomez December 02, 2025
"Such a rich narrative. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Barbara Adams
Barbara Adams December 27, 2025
"Masterpiece from start to finish. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Jacob Reyes
Jacob Reyes May 18, 2025
"Absolutely brilliant. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. Worth every moment spent reading."
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"Absolutely brilliant. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Nancy Rodriguez
Nancy Rodriguez November 04, 2025
"I was completely blown away. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Jacob Harris
Jacob Harris May 15, 2024
"Exceeded all my expectations. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. An effortless 5 stars."
Robert Anderson
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Andrew Perez
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Cynthia Turner
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Eric Lopez
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"Excellent, though slightly flawed. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. A very distinguished novel."
Ashley Collins
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"Such a rich narrative. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. An effortless 5 stars."
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Jennifer Robinson
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"A highly sophisticated read. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. Quite impressive overall."
Robert Thomas
Robert Thomas April 06, 2024
"A profoundly satisfying read. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. A true literary gem."
Sharon Jackson
Sharon Jackson November 03, 2025
"It was adequate. The tempo was somewhat languid, and I found my mind wandering. Not poor, simply average. Perfectly average."
Emily Harris
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"It was adequate. It possessed moments of brilliance, but the narrative felt slightly disjointed ultimately. Perhaps more aligned with a different audience's tastes."
Donna Ramirez
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"A very strong entry. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend."
Ryan Scott
Ryan Scott March 10, 2024
"Not entirely to my refined tastes. It possessed moments of brilliance, but the narrative felt slightly disjointed ultimately. Perfectly average."
Dorothy Cruz
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"Excellent, though slightly flawed. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. Quite impressive overall."
Edward Smith
Edward Smith July 18, 2025
"Such a rich narrative. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. A true literary gem."
Eric Scott
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Richard Wilson
Richard Wilson January 21, 2024
"A highly sophisticated read. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. A solid 4 stars from me."
Elizabeth Thomas
Elizabeth Thomas February 06, 2024
"A profoundly satisfying read. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Sandra Reyes
Sandra Reyes July 27, 2025
"Exceeded all my expectations. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Emily Diaz
Emily Diaz February 18, 2024
"Excellent, though slightly flawed. A brilliant concept executed with flair. Just a few pacing choices I would change. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend."
Melissa Taylor
Melissa Taylor October 15, 2024
"Masterpiece from start to finish. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Kevin Smith
Kevin Smith March 29, 2025
"A very strong entry. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. Quite impressive overall."
James Martin
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"Absolutely brilliant. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. Worth every moment spent reading."
Sandra Flores
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"Absolutely brilliant. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. A true literary gem."
Dorothy Thompson
Dorothy Thompson May 12, 2025
"An acceptable diversion. Certain acts were fascinating, while others felt like a slight endeavor to complete. A fair 3 stars."
Richard Wilson
Richard Wilson January 24, 2024
"Took a moment to build, but the payoff was spectacular. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. A very distinguished novel."
Paul Allen
Paul Allen July 10, 2024
"A highly sophisticated read. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers."
Christopher Phillips
Christopher Phillips October 28, 2024
"I was completely blown away. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Matthew Robinson
Matthew Robinson May 09, 2025
"A very strong entry. It held my rapt attention, even when certain twists were telegraphed. Quite impressive overall."
Kimberly Carter
Kimberly Carter July 22, 2025
"Such a rich narrative. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. Worth every moment spent reading."
Jacob Harris
Jacob Harris June 11, 2025
"A very strong entry. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend."
Robert Anderson
Robert Anderson May 07, 2025
"Exceeded all my expectations. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. An effortless 5 stars."
Sarah  Davis
Sarah Davis August 20, 2025
"Absolutely brilliant. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece."
Edward Turner
Edward Turner November 08, 2025
"Such a rich narrative. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. A true literary gem."
Barbara Green
Barbara Green October 21, 2024
"I was completely blown away. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Steven Mitchell
Steven Mitchell April 16, 2024
"A very strong entry. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend."
Rebecca Clark
Rebecca Clark October 24, 2024
"Exceeded all my expectations. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. An effortless 5 stars."
Jennifer King
Jennifer King September 08, 2024
"Masterpiece from start to finish. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Christopher Young
Christopher Young April 08, 2025
"A very strong entry. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers."
Kevin White
Kevin White May 04, 2025
"Such a rich narrative. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece."
Betty Gonzalez
Betty Gonzalez November 18, 2025
"Masterpiece from start to finish. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. Worth every moment spent reading."
Nicholas Nguyen
Nicholas Nguyen December 18, 2024
"A very strong entry. It held my rapt attention, even when certain twists were telegraphed. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers."
Amanda Allen
Amanda Allen December 28, 2025
"A profoundly satisfying read. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece."
Sandra Campbell
Sandra Campbell December 28, 2024
"Excellent, though slightly flawed. It held my rapt attention, even when certain twists were telegraphed. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend."
Kimberly Sanchez
Kimberly Sanchez October 11, 2024
"Such a rich narrative. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Margaret Edwards
Margaret Edwards August 09, 2025
"Exceeded all my expectations. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
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