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Contra el estado: Una historia de las civilizaciones del Próximo Oriente antiguo

Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States

Penned By James C. Scott
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4.85
26,877 Global Ratings
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Contra el estado: Una historia de las civilizaciones del Próximo Oriente antiguo

Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States

Penned By James C. Scott
4.85 26,877 Ratings
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Editor's Note:
Este libro rompedor revisa, a contracorriente de la opinión establecida, lo que se creía saber de las primeras civilizaciones en la llanura aluvial mesopotámica y en otros lugares. Se creía que la domesticación de plantas y animales condujo al sedentarismo y a la agricultura en campos fijos. Sin embargo, el sedentarismo es muy anterior a cualquier evidencia de domesticación de plantas o animales, y tanto el sedentarismo como la domesticación existieron casi cuatro milenios antes de que surgiera una aldea agrícola. Se creía que el sedentarismo y el surgimiento de ciudades eran el efecto típico de la irrigación y de los estados. Pero resulta que ambos son, por el contrario, resultado de la abundancia de los humedales. Se pensaba que el sedentarismo y la agricultura condujeron a la formación de estados, pero sucede que estos solo aparecen mucho después de la agricultura en campos fijos. Se daba por hecho que la agricultura fue un gran paso adelante para la nutrición, el bienestar y el ocio de las personas; lo contrario parece haber sucedido en las primeras fases. Las civilizaciones tempranas eran vistas como imanes que atraían a las personas con el lujo, la cultura y las oportunidades que ofrecían. En realidad, los primeros estados se vieron obligados a capturar y retener a gran parte de su población con diferentes formas de servidumbre y estaban transidos por las epidemias del hacinamiento; eran frágiles y propensos al colapso. En cambio, las «edades oscuras» que los sucedieron podrían haber supuesto, con frecuencia, una mejora real en el bienestar humano. Parece razonable sostener que, al menos fuera de las elites, la vida en el exterior de los estados ―la vida del «bárbaro»― pudo haber sido más sencilla en términos materiales, y más libre y saludable, que la vida dentro de las civilizaciones.

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Released August 22, 2017
Identifier (ISBN) 75759166
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James C. Scott
The Mind Behind the Work
James C. Scott

James C. Scott is a writer and avid reader based in the Pacific Northwest. Before pursuing writing full-time, they spent over a decade working in education. When not working on their next book, James C. Scott can usually be found hiking with their dog or trying out new coffee shops in their neighborhood.

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Kimberly Sanchez
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"I was completely blown away. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. An effortless 5 stars."
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"I was completely blown away. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
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Deborah Garcia
Deborah Garcia February 15, 2024
"I was completely blown away. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Donna Cruz
Donna Cruz July 21, 2025
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"Absolutely brilliant. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
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"I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. It held my rapt attention, even when certain twists were telegraphed. A very distinguished novel."
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"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
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"I was completely blown away. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. Worth every moment spent reading."
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"Absolutely brilliant. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. Worth every moment spent reading."
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"Such a rich narrative. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
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"Absolutely brilliant. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. Worth every moment spent reading."
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"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
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Laura Phillips February 23, 2025
"Absolutely brilliant. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
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"A profoundly satisfying read. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. Worth every moment spent reading."
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"Masterpiece from start to finish. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece."
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"Such a rich narrative. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. A true literary gem."
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"Took a moment to build, but the payoff was spectacular. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. A very distinguished novel."
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"Masterpiece from start to finish. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
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"Absolutely brilliant. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. A true literary gem."
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"Absolutely brilliant. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. Worth every moment spent reading."
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"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. Worth every moment spent reading."
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"A profoundly satisfying read. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Susan Jackson
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"A decent, if standard, experience. It verged on repetitive in the second act. A more concise edit would have served it well. Unlikely to reread, but a reasonable expenditure of time."
Ashley Miller
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"A highly sophisticated read. It held my rapt attention, even when certain twists were telegraphed. Quite impressive overall."
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"Absolutely brilliant. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Linda Brown
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"A highly sophisticated read. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. A very distinguished novel."
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"It was adequate. It verged on repetitive in the second act. A more concise edit would have served it well. Perhaps more aligned with a different audience's tastes."
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"Took a moment to build, but the payoff was spectacular. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. A very distinguished novel."
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"A highly sophisticated read. A brilliant concept executed with flair. Just a few pacing choices I would change. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers."
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Joseph Lewis
Joseph Lewis July 23, 2025
"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Daniel Harris
Daniel Harris April 16, 2025
"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Joseph Martinez
Joseph Martinez July 22, 2024
"I was completely blown away. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. Worth every moment spent reading."
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